The space shuttle Endeavour soared off its seaside launch pad on Friday on a mission to upgrade the International Space Station for an expanded six-person crew.
The shuttle鈥檚 twin booster rockets ignited at 1955 EST (0055 GMT on Saturday), catapulting the 2 million-kg ship with a blinding light into the clear, moonlit sky at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
鈥淚t鈥檚 our turn to take home improvement to a new level,鈥� shuttle commander Chris Ferguson radioed to flight controllers minutes before launch.
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The launch countdown went smoothly until 15 minutes before lift-off, when engineers noticed that a door on the launch pad alongside the shuttle was not properly fastened. But managers determined it would not be an issue and cleared the ship for flight.
It was NASA鈥檚 first launch in nearly six months and the 124th in shuttle programme history. Just nine more launches remain before NASA is scheduled to mothball the shuttles so it can develop safer and less expensive spaceships that will return astronauts to the Moon.
NASA must first complete construction of the $100 billion space station, a project of 16 partner countries. The shuttle Endeavour鈥檚 flight is intended to outfit the station for six full-time residents. It has been operating with half that number since assembly began a decade ago.
New toilet
The shuttle carries two new sleeping compartments and a water recycling system so station crew members can purify urine and other waste water for drinking.
鈥淲e did blind taste tests of the water,鈥� said NASA鈥檚 Bob Bagdigian, the system鈥檚 lead engineer. 鈥淣obody had any strong objections. Other than a faint taste of iodine, it is just as refreshing as any other kind of water.鈥�
Endeavour also carries the station鈥檚 first refrigerator, new exercise gear, and perhaps most important for a growing crew 鈥� a second toilet.
鈥淲ith six people, you really do need to have a two-bathroom house. It鈥檚 a lot more convenient and a lot more efficient,鈥� said Endeavour astronaut Sandra Magnus, who will take over as a space station flight engineer from Greg Chamitoff.
Chamitoff has been aboard the outpost since the last shuttle flight in June.
Reusing water will become essential once NASA retires its space shuttles, which produce water as a byproduct of their electrical systems. Rather than dumping the water overboard, NASA has been transferring it to the space station.
Water recycling
But the shuttle鈥檚 days are numbered. The nine remaining flights will include a final servicing call to the Hubble Space Telescope. NASA is preparing to end the programme in 2010, after which Russian Soyuz spacecraft will be the only way to ferry crew to the space station.
鈥淲e can鈥檛 be delivering water all the time for six crew,鈥� said space station flight director Ron Spencer. 鈥淩ecycling is a must.鈥�
Besides upgrading the space station鈥檚 interior, the Endeavour crew will begin a marathon job to repair the station鈥檚 solar power system. A huge rotary joint that points solar power panels at the Sun is filled with metal shavings and must be cleaned up and greased.
Four spacewalks are scheduled to tackle the problem, with as many as six more slated for future missions.
In addition to Ferguson and Magnus, the crew includes pilot Eric Boe, spacewalkers Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper, Stephen Bowen and Robert 鈥淪hane鈥� Kimbrough and astronaut Donald Pettit, a former space station flight engineer.
Endeavour is due back at the Kennedy Space Center on 29 November to close out the fourth and final mission of the year.
