杏吧原创

Why can鈥檛 I remember what I did 5 seconds ago?

Hang, on 鈥� you just left the house, but did you lock the door? When it comes to these habitual behaviours, your body knows what to do without the need for conscious thought. The brain no longer encodes the details of a repeated behaviour, so while you remember how to lock the door, there鈥檚 no specific memory of when you last did it.

This ability to autopilot can be beneficial, freeing up attention for more important things. The danger comes when this 鈥渉abit memory鈥� takes over when it isn鈥檛 supposed to, which can lead to mistakes like forgetting to drop a child off and .听Yvaine Ye

Why can鈥檛 we remember being babies?

Infants are constantly learning, but . That鈥檚 because parts of the brain critical for longer-term memory are still immature. So babies can form memories 鈥� a how to do certain tasks for up to three weeks 鈥� but holding onto them is tricky.

As the brain begins to mature, that neural machinery gets more efficient and memories start to stick 鈥� until the age of 7, when there鈥檚 a sudden dip. Children recall far more about earlier events in their lives when asked . This sudden erasure, known as 鈥渃hildhood amnesia鈥� may be down to pruning, the brain鈥檚 process of snipping away lesser-used connections to strengthen those that remain.

Although the slightly older children remember fewer things, their recollections are more detailed. 鈥淲hat鈥檚 also developing is your ability to tell a good story,鈥� says at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. 鈥淵ou place it in context, you tell me what you did, highlight certain events and activity. All of those things are part of what we mean by autobiographical memory.鈥�

This points to a possible strategy for hanging onto more of those early memories, or at least attempting to influence which ones stick. In cultures where family storytelling is a cherished pastime, people are more likely to retain early childhood memories. Summoning and reviewing these memories, a process known as reconsolidation, can fortify them.

So if you want your child to remember a special trip to the beach, indulge in a little reminiscing, and get them to tell you the story.听Tiffany O鈥機allaghan

Why does being stressed affect your memory?

Emotion and memory go hand in hand. We secrete stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, when we are emotionally aroused, whether the result of a trauma or a fantastic concert. These hormones trigger the firing of signals in the brain, which promotes memory formation.

The flip side is that when it comes to retrieving memories, . It can also . Which explains why, despite our best efforts, it is all too easy for the mind to go blank in the stressful setting of a presentation or the exam hall.听YY

Does closing your eyes truly help you remember?

Yes. Vision is our dominant sense and a key source of new information. When you try to think of something, seeing the world in front of you is a major distraction. So, , especially when you try to retrieve a highly visual piece of information. But it鈥檚 highly individual. Some people may find it works while others don鈥檛.听YY

Why is it that you only remember some things when other people trigger the memory?

We store a lot more information in the brain than we can intentionally recall. What we can retrieve depends largely on the cues given, either from other people or the environment. If memories are a pile of jigsaw puzzle pieces, cues are the picture on the box 鈥� it fragments are attached to.

But sometimes, a friendly prompt can mess with your memory. Imagine you went to a concert with a friend who later said to you: 鈥淩emember they sang such-and-such song?鈥� Each time you recall a memory, it becomes fragile and vulnerable to change. Even though you don鈥檛 actually remember, you鈥檝e heard of this song, your friend looked very confident and you may end up convincing yourself about this experience. And this becomes a new memory (see 鈥�Can you trust your memories?鈥�).听YY

What is photographic memory?

Photographic memory is the ability to recall a past scene with great accuracy. Some people have better visual memory than others, especially those with highly superior autobiographic memory (HSAM). We don鈥檛 know why, but their memory seems to work the same way, yet is somehow better organised, so they can retrieve more details. But their memory isn鈥檛 perfect 鈥� flashbacks as real and precise as photos are a myth.听YY

This article appeared in print under the headline 鈥淔AQ鈥�